Polymers and their uses pdf

The present paper gives a stateoftheart of available information on naturally available polymers and their versatile uses. A variety of synthetic polymers as plastic polythene, synthetic fibres nylon 6,6 and synthetic rubbers buna s are examples of manmade polymers extensively used in daily life as well as in industry. Ncert solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 15 polymers. Free pdf download of ncert solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 15 polymers solved by expert teachers as per ncert cbse textbook guidelines. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. In the commercial production of plastics, elastomers, manmade fibres, adhesives, and surface coatings, a tremendous variety of polymers are. Pete plastic is used to make many common household items like beverage bottles, medicine jars, rope, clothing and carpet fibre. Items such as disposable coffee cups, plastic food boxes, plastic cutlery and packing foam are made from ps. A polymer can be a three dimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left and right, front and back, up and down or twodimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left. Polymers in everyday life gelfand center carnegie mellon. Review graphene and graphene oxide and their uses in. Polyethylene is considered to be as one of the simplest polymer, it has ethene or ethylene as the monomer unit whereas the linear polymer is known as the high density polyethylenehdpe. The influencing capacity of polymers towards the drug release and should be compatible, nontoxic, and stable and economic etc.

Zinn, in bioresorbable polymers for biomedical applications, 2017. List of some common manmade polymers and their uses. Examples are proteins, cellulose, starch, resins and rubber. The type of polymerization mechanism used depends on the type of functional groups attached to the reactants. Utilized in pharmaceutical products as rheology modifiers, tablet binders, suspension stabilizers, extended release polymers, mucoadhesive aids, and bioavailability. Appropriate use of polymer additives improve many characteristics such as durability, stiffness, clarity, weatherability, resulting in creating a product that has higher value. The objectives of this paper are 1 to introduce the reader to the types of chemical reactions that are used to prepare polymers and 2 to acquaint him or her with the structural parameters that result in the unusual physical properties displayed by these molecules. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Introduction the term smart polymers encompasses a wide spectrum of different compounds with unique potential for various applications. Their numerical estimation and prediction from additive group contributions summarizes the latest developments regarding polymers, their properties in relation to chemical structure, and methods for estimating and predicting numerical properties from chemical structure. Abs polymers can be given a range of properties, depending on the ratio of the monomeric constituents and the molecular level connectivity. Polymers are materials with a seemingly limitless range of characteristics and colors.

Natural polymers and their application in drug delivery and. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 15 polymers the word polymer has a greek origin. This lesson introduces students to polymers, their properties, and some of the many ways polymers. Major industrial polymers, chemical compounds used in the manufacture of synthetic industrial materials. Polymers are made up of various molecules which combine together to form long chains.

Polymers are huge molecules that are encountered in nature as well as in our modern technology. Shown below is a table listing common materials that contain polymers or are made from polymers. Polymers play a vital role in any dosage form as excipients. Graphene and graphene oxide and their uses in barrier polymers byung min yoo, hye jin shin, hee wook yoon, ho bum park department of energy engineering, hanyang university, seoul 3791, republic of korea correspondence to. Review graphene and graphene oxide and their uses in barrier. The polymer inside disposable diapers is called sodium polyacrylate. These polymers are found in nature, example plants and animals. Natural polymers, also called biopolymers, are naturally occurring materials, formed during the life cycles of green plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Examples of such polymers are natural rubber, natural silk. All chapter 15 polymers exercises questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and boost your score more in examinations.

Synthetic polymers types and examples polymer uses. List of polymers with their uses is helpful in the academic and competitive exam preparations which will also enhance your knowledge. The polymers obtained by simple chemical treatment of natural polymers to change their physical properties like starch, silicones 3. The simplest definition of a polymer is a useful chemical made of many repeating units. Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Polymers can be used to produced to mimic cotton, silk, and wool fibers.

The challenge of using natural polymers or developing new biomaterials is not only to understand their mode of action in nature but also to correctly coordinate the complex interplay between chemistry, biology, physics, and engineering. The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers. Utilized in pharmaceutical products as rheology modifiers, tablet binders, suspension stabilizers, extended release polymers, mucoadhesive aids, and bioavailability enhancers, carbopol polymers are. You will synthesize and modify polymers, test their properties and use a fabrication technique to produce an object from a polymer. The crystalline phase of such polymers are characterized by their melting temperature tm. The polymers with a large degree of polymerization do not exhibit a boiling point because they are decomposed before reaching their respective theoretical boiling point. This chapter discusses the properties of polymers and correlates the properties of known polymers with their chemical structure, to establish structureproperty relationships. They make up about 80% of the organic chemical industry with products produced at approximately 150 kg of polymers per person annually in the united states. Smart polymers, stimuli responsive materials, drug delivery, tissue engineering. The polymer is formed of a polyester prepolymer having a preferred molecular weight of greater than 5 and less than 7.

Pdf synthetic and naturalbased polymers have found their way into the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries and their applications are growing at. Three types of natural polymers are polysaccharides, proteins. Polymers are those which consists of repeated structural units known as monomers. Carbohydrate polymers are extensively used in recent years in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Jan 28, 2020 polymers are one of the most widely used material classes in the world today, and there are many different types of polymers, all with their specific properties and applications. A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked repeating subunits, which are called monomers. The polymers are substances with a seemingly endless range of features and colors. The polymers, which occur in nature are called natural polymer also known as biopolymers. Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers. Biodegradable polymers break due to cleavage of covalent bonds between them and bio erodible polymers bring about erosion of the polymer due to. Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms, including, for example, proteins, cellulose, and nucleic acids. The chemical bonds in polymers are also different than those found in metals and ceramics. Natural polymers include cellulose, chiton, carbohydrates like starch and sugar, proteins, dna, rna and natural rubber. Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted.

Adeka has a variety of products based on our own original technology and these products can be used for a wide range of polymers and various applications. Us7674285b2 polyanhydride polymers and their uses in. Linear polymers these polymers consist of long and straight chains. Additives are necessary to change the physical properties for the manufacture of automobile tires. The number of synthetic resins which can be made is vast. Polymers can be classified into two classes on the basis of morphology. By the end of the session the delegate should have understood the following. In this experiment, you will explore a class of chemical compounds known as polymers. Artificial rubbers are made from butadiene and other monomers and have many uses. The use of polymers in the manufacture of plastic buckets, cups and saucers, childrens toys, packaging bags, synthetic clothing materials, automobile tyres, gears and seals, electrical insulating materials and machine parts has completely revolutionised the daily life as well as the industrial scenario. Synthetic polymers are those which are humanmade polymers. Properties of polymers, fourth edition incorporates the latest developments in the field while maintaining the core objectives of previous editions. Today, polymers are commonly used in thousands of products as plastics, elastomers, coatings, and adhesives.

On the basis of their occurrence in nature, polymers have been classified in three types 2. Natural polymers, pharmacy, xanthan gum, chitosan, ispaghula, sterculia gum. A primary reason that polymer properties are different is because the chemical compositions of metals, polymers and ceramics are totally different. Have the students circle the ones they have used during the last week. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers.

Polymers are composed of nonmetallic elements, found at the upper right corner of the periodic table. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers. Some of the polymers that have achieved commercial importance and their uses are tabulated in table 1 and some of their. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as dna. Isomers are molecules that contain the same atoms but in a different arrangement. Some types of resins, and their properties and uses, are included in the following table. Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, teflon, and epoxy. Inorganic polymers not based on the carbon atom include glass with its siliconoxygen framework and other silicates as in granite and agate. Resins are any of the chemically modified natural resins or synthetic polymers which are physically similar.

Natural polymers and their application in drug delivery. Some of the polymers that have achieved commercial importance and their uses are tabulated in table 1 and some of their important physical properties are listed in appendix 2. They are a main constituent of our food starch, protein, etc. The polysaccharides represent one of the most abundant industrialraw materials and have been the subject of intensive research due to their sustainability,biodegradabilityand biosafety. Abs is often used as the cost and performance dividing line between standard plastics pvc, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc. Polymers have many inherent properties that can be further enhanced by a wide range of additives to broaden their uses and applications. These types of polymers are used in surgical bandages, capsule coatings and in surgery. Examples of such polymers are natural rubber, natural silk, cellulose, starch, proteins, etc. Natural vs synthetic polymers gelfand center carnegie. Items made from this plastic are commonly recycled. Links macrogalleria of polymers background reading about polymers and their uses very extensive polymer education from polymer ambassadors background reading and activities chemistry of polymerization processes background reading including descriptions and diagrams plastics its all about the molecular structure background reading on polymer properties vs. Polymer is defined as a chemical substance of a high molecular mass formed by the combination of a large number of simple molecules, called monomers. This lesson introduces students to polymers, their properties, and some of.

The specific application of natural polymers in pharmaceutical formulations include their use in the manufacture of solid implants, films, beads, microparticles, nanoparticles, inhalable and injectable systems as well as viscous liquid formulations24. This exercise demonstrates the importance of polymers as materials used to make many products that we use everyday. Code 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of plastic not defined by the other six codes. In the commercial production of plastics, elastomers, manmade fibres, adhesives, and surface coatings, a tremendous variety of polymers are used. Polystyrene is commonly recycled, but is difficult to do. Polymers are long molecules made from connecting many smaller units called monomers. Due to their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. Synthetic polymers are derived from petroleum oil, and made by scientists and engineers. They are broadly classified in three categories viz. Therefore, the list of polymers with their uses is helpful in the academic and competitive exam preparations.

Little rhyme or reason is associated with the common names of polymers. Their consequently large molecular mass relative to small molecule compounds produces unique physical properties, including toughness, viscoelasticity, and a tendency to form glasses and semicrystalline structures rather than crystals. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. Uses of polymers structure, types and characteristics of. Polymers can be made to mimic cotton, silk, and wool fibers. These correlations may be purely empirical, purely theoretical, or partly empirical and partly theoretical. Since their creation as the first commercial carbomers over 50 years ago, lubrizols carbopol polymers have continued to be the highest quality carbomers on the market. A biocompatible, bioerodable polyanhydride polymer having a youngs modulus between about 1. Polymers have many original properties that can be further improved by a deep range of additives to increase their uses and applications. The polymers which are degraded and decayed by microorganisms like bacteria are known as biodegradable polymers. This activity is for middle and high school students. Highdensity polyethylene products are very safe and are not known to transmit any chemicals into foods or drinks. Polymers are all created by the process of polymerization wherein their constituent elements called monomers, are reacted together to form polymer chains i. All chapter 15 polymers exercises questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus.